On this design thought logic parts consisting of two nodes—an enter resistive matrix and a threshold module, working on the idea of fractional logic ideas—are proposed. Fractional logic differs in that the enter alerts of the “Log. 1” degree are transformed in a resistive matrix into alerts of the “Log. 1/n” degree, the place n is the variety of inputs. Switching of the edge module happens if the additive sum of the alerts on the enter of the edge factor exceeds the switching threshold. Binary parts of fractional logic, as a result of the usage of two housings (nodes), enable changing an in depth vary of housings of multi-input logic parts AND/NAND and OR/NOR, which can considerably simplify and cut back the price of manufacturing digital merchandise.

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Binary parts of electronics are known as digital buildings consisting of two interconnected circuit nodes. The next is an outline of the fundamental nodes of digital electronics working on the idea of the ideas of fractional logic [1, 2] and comprised of a mix of two nodes.

The primary of those nodes is a resistive matrix, Determine 1, whose resistances values meet sure necessities.

Determine 1 The enter resistive matrix of a binary factor of fractional logic.

The second node or threshold module, Determine 2, accommodates two comparators with a switching voltage set by resistors R1a and R2b (threshold switching voltage).

Determine 2 Threshold module of a binary factor of fractional logic.

Fractional logic is totally appropriate with conventional logic and has the identical set of fundamental parts. Fractional logic differs in that the enter alerts of the “Log. 1” degree within the enter circuits of the logic factor are transformed into alerts of the “Log. 1/n” degree, the place n is the variety of inputs, for instance, “Log. 1/2”, “Log. 1/3”, “Log. 1/4”, and many others. The sum of the weights all these alerts are equal to 1 (“Log. 1”):

Think about the necessities for resistors of a resistive matrix, Determine 1. To ensure that the enter alerts so as to add up additively on the resistance R2 (the output of the matrix AND), the next situation have to be met: R>>(R1+R2); these resistances should differ by about two orders of magnitude.

When the sign “Log. 1” with a voltage U_in is utilized to any of the inputs X1–X4, the present I_i=1 flows via the resistor R:

To modify the comparator, it’s obligatory that the voltage drop on the resistor R2 in Determine 1 exceeds the switching voltage of the comparator U_th when high-level alerts are utilized to all inputs of the logic factor:

Clearly, for a two-input factor AND, the switching of the comparator ought to happen when alerts of the “Log. 1” degree are utilized to its two inputs, however not when a sign of this degree is utilized to one in every of its inputs.

Accordingly, for a three-input logic factor AND, switching of the comparator ought to happen when alerts are utilized to three of its inputs, however to not 2, and many others.

For inverters, repeaters (n=1), in addition to OR and NOR parts with an arbitrary variety of inputs, the resistance worth of resistors R1+R2 will be decided by the method:

For OR/NOR logic parts, when the management voltage is utilized to any of its inputs, the voltage drop on the resistors R1+R2 will clearly exceed the switching threshold of the edge factor (comparator).

Calculation of R2 at n>1 for the logic parts AND, NAND is carried out by the method:

Or for n=4:

From right here, you’ll be able to decide the worth of the resistance of the resistor R1.

The limiting deviation of enter voltages ±ΔU_in relative to U_in, at which dependable operation of fractional logic parts with n inputs (n>1) is feasible, will be outlined as:

And, at n=4 is ±14.7%.

Beneath the situation U_in=VCC (operation of the gadget from a single energy supply), even with a big change within the provide voltage, the weather of fractional logic robotically alter to the optimum working mode.

The variety of inputs for the implementation of the OR operate has no restrictions. To implement the AND/NAND operate, the variety of inputs formally has no restrictions, however for steady and dependable operation of the logic factor, it’s value limiting the variety of inputs to 4.

Connection of three of the 4 resistors of the resistive matrix (R>>(R1+R2)) to a standard bus (if one of many inputs of the logic factor is provided with “Log. 1″, for the opposite three–”Log. 0”) doesn’t have an effect on of the voltage on the resistor R2.

Choices for the synthesis of four-input logic parts 4OR/4NOR or 4AND/4NAND are introduced in Determine 3.

Determine 3 Choices for acquiring four-input fractional logic parts from two nodes.

In flip, different parts will be obtained from these parts, for instance, NOT, 2NAND, and plenty of others (Determine 4).

Determine 4 Choices for utilizing fractional logic parts.

To implement the 2XOR/XNOR operate as a part of the fractional logic parts, a modification of the enter node, Determine 5, shall be required. The resistance values of the resistors of the resistive divider are the identical as for the OR/NOR parts.

Determine 5 The enter node of a two-input logic factor of fractional logic 2XOR/2XNOR.

Determine 6 reveals different choices for acquiring 2XOR/2XNOR parts from two nodes.

Determine 6 Variants of parts of fractional logic 2XOR/2XNOR.

The benefit of binary parts of fractional logic is:

1. Compatibility with logic parts of earlier generations, the flexibility to work within the vary of provide voltages and enter sign ranges from models to tens of volts.
2. The opportunity of creating fractional logic and utilizing precedence inputs, the load of the logical alerts of which is 2, three or extra instances (e.g., 2/3, 3/4) the load of the logical alerts on the ordinary inputs (1/3 and 1/4, respectively). This may help you rank the enter alerts in line with their diploma of significance.
3. Fractional logic parts can work with ternary logic alerts whose enter ranges have the values “Log. –1”; “Log. 0”; “Log. +1”.

Binary parts of fractional logic as a result of the usage of two housings (nodes) enable one to interchange an in depth vary of housings of multi-input logic parts AND /NAND and OR/NOR, which can considerably simplify and cut back the price of manufacturing of digital merchandise.

References

1. Shustov M.A. “Fractional logic”, Radiolotsman, 2020, No. 7–8, pp. 34–39. https://www.rlocman.ru/evaluate/article.html?di=621807
2. Shustov M.A. “Chip 222 – different 555. PWM generator with impartial frequency management”, Worldwide Journal of Circuits and Electronics, 2021, V. 6, P. 23–31. Pub. Date: 06 September 2021. https://www.iaras.org/iaras/dwelling/computer-science-communications/caijce/chip-222-alternative-555-pwm-generator-with-independent-frequency-control

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